Application of system dynamics for developing financially self-sustaining management policies for water and wastewater systems

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) Vol. 45; no. 16; pp. 4737 - 4750
• Main Authors: Rehan, R., Knight, M.A., Haas, C.T., Unger, A.J.A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 15.10.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Canada; demand elasticities; Exact sciences and technology; Feedback loops; Financial Management; Financial sustainability; Industrial Waste; Infrastructure management; Management; Networks; Organizational Policy; Pollution; Sustainability; System dynamics; Utilities; Waste water; Waste water collection; wastewater; Water distribution; water management; water policy; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water treatment and pollution; Water utilities; Canada; North America; America; Water distribution; System dynamics; Financial sustainability; Infrastructure management; Waste water collection; Environmental policy; Sustainable development; Long term; Modeling; Waste water; Multiple system; Regulation; Environmental protection
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.001

Recently enacted regulations in Canada and elsewhere require water utilities to be financially self-sustaining over the long-term. This implies full cost recovery for providing water and wastewater services to users. This study proposes a new approach to help water utilities plan to meet the requirements of the new regulations. A causal loop diagram is developed for a financially self-sustaining water utility which frames water and wastewater network management as a complex system with multiple interconnections and feedback loops. The novel System Dynamics approach is used to develop a demonstration model for water and wastewater network management. This is the first known application of System Dynamics to water and wastewater network management. The network simulated is that of a typical Canadian water utility that has under invested in maintenance. Model results show that with no proactive rehabilitation strategy the utility will need to substantially increase its user fees to achieve financial sustainability. This increase is further exacerbated when price elasticity of water demand is considered. When the utility pursues proactive rehabilitation, financial sustainability is achieved with lower user fees. Having demonstrated the significance of feedback loops for financial management of water and wastewater networks, the paper makes the case for a more complete utility model that considers the complexity of the system by incorporating all feedback loops. ► A new approach for water utilities to be financially self-sustaining is proposed. ► Water and wastewater network management is a complex system. ► Complex interconnections and feedback loops are shown using a causal loop diagram. ► A demonstration System Dynamics model highlights the significance of feedback loops.