In vitro and early in vivo development of sheep gynogenones and putative androgenones

• Published in: Molecular reproduction and development Vol. 50; no. 2; pp. 154 - 162
• Main Authors: Hagemann, L.J. (Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.), Peterson, A.J, Weilert, L.L, Lee, R.S.F, Tervit, H.R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.06.1998; Wiley-Liss
• Subjects: Animals; ARN MENSAJERO; ARN MESSAGER; Biological and medical sciences; CULTIVO DE EMBRIONES; CULTURE D'EMBRYON; DESARROLLO EMBRIONARIO; DEVELOPPEMENT EMBRYONNAIRE; Early stages. Segmentation. Gastrulation. Neurulation; embryo; EMBRYO CULTURE; EMBRYO TRANSFER; Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology; Embryonic and Fetal Development; EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYOS; EXPRESION GENICA; EXPRESSION DES GENES; extra-embryonic tissue; FACTEUR DE CROISSANCE IGF; FACTOR DE CRECIMIENTO IGF; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENES; GENOMAS; GENOME; GENOMES; GENOMIC IMPRINTING; H19 GENE; HISTONAS; HISTONE; HISTONES; IGF-II GENE; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR; Male; MESSENGER RNA; MICROMANIPULATION; NOYAU CELLULAIRE; NUCLEO; NUCLEUS; OVIN; OVINOS; PARTHENOGENONES; PRONUCLEUS; Sex Differentiation; SHEEP; STRUCTURAL GENES; TRANSFERENCIA DE EMBRIONES; TRANSFERT EMBRYONNAIRE; Zygote; Parthenogenesis; Embryonic development; Embryo; Genomic imprinting; Pronucleus; Androgenesis; Vertebrata; Gynogenesis; Mammalia; Zygote; Sheep; Artiodactyla; Micromanipulation; Ungulata
• ISSN: 1040-452X; 1098-2795
• DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199806)50:2<154::AID-MRD5>3.0.CO;2-J

Genomic imprinting, where only one of the two parental genes is expressed, occurs in many phyla. In mammals, however, this phenomenon has been primarily studied in mice, and to a lesser extent, in humans. To understand how genomic imprinting may affect development in other species, particularly those with a different mode of placental development from mice and humans, 339 sheep zygotes were micromanipulated to contain either 2 large (presumptive male) or 2 small (presumptive female) pronuclei. One hundred and twenty‐seven of these embryos and 86 manipulated and nonmanipulated control embryos were transferred to recipient ewes over 3 breeding seasons. Twenty‐one control and 7 experimental conceptuses were recovered on day 21. Four of these conceptuses derived from zygotes with 2 small pronuclei were identified by karyotyping to be gynogenones (maternal‐derived genome). While the gross morphology of the embryos appeared no different to those of normal controls, the extra‐embryonic tissue from the conceptuses showed some hypertrophy and hypervascularization. Preliminary Northern blots of mRNA from allantoic and trophoblast tissue showed an overexpression of H19 and an underexpression of IGF2. Although the sheep gynogenetic phenotype contrasts with that seen in mice, these two genes appear to be similarly differentially expressed. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 50:154–162, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.