Security and citizenship in the global South: In/securing citizens in early republican Turkey (1923–1946)

• Published in: International relations (London) Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 500 - 520
• Main Authors: Bilgin, Pinar, Ince, Basak
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.12.2015; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Citizens; Citizenship; Civilization; Decolonization; Developing countries; International relations; International security; LDCs; Mass media images; Media coverage; Rules; Society; Turkey; standards of civilization; International Society; security; global South; Turkey; citizenship
• ISSN: 0047-1178; 1741-2862
• DOI: 10.1177/0047117814562219

The relationship between security and citizenship is more complex than media portrayals based on binary oppositions seem to suggest (included/excluded, security/insecurity), or mainstream approaches to International Relations (IR) and security seem to acknowledge. This is particularly the case in the post-imperial and/or postcolonial contexts of global South where the transition of people from subjecthood to citizenship is better understood as a process of in/securing. For, people were secured domestically as they became citizens with access to a regime of rights and duties. People were also secured internationally as citizens of newly independent ‘nation-states’ who were protected against interventions and/or ‘indirect rule’ by the (European) International Society, whose practices were often justified on grounds of the former’s ‘failings’ in meeting the so-called ‘standards of civilization’. Yet, people were also rendered insecure as they sought to approximate and/or resist the citizen imaginaries of the newly established ‘nation-states’. The article illustrates this argument by looking at the case of Turkey in the early Republican era (1923–1946).