Coupling of CFD and PBE Calculations to Simulate the Behavior of an Inclusion Population in a Gas-Stirring Ladle

• Published in: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science Vol. 45; no. 1; pp. 13 - 21
• Main Authors: Bellot, Jean-Pierre, De Felice, Valerio, Dussoubs, Bernard, Jardy, Alain, Hans, Stéphane
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01.02.2014; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; Springer Verlag
• Subjects: Agglomeration; Applied sciences; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemistry and Materials Science; Computational fluid dynamics; Computer simulation; Engineering Sciences; Exact sciences and technology; Hot forging; Inclusions; Kinetics; Ladle metallurgy; Ladles; Materials; Materials Science; Mathematical models; Mechanical properties; Metallic Materials; Metallurgy; Metals. Metallurgy; Nanotechnology; Production of metals; Structural Materials; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films; Turbulent flow; Turbulent Dissipation Rate; Computational Fluid Dynamic; Liquid Steel; Collision Kernel; Population Balance Equation; Fluid dynamics; Ladle; Stirring; Steelmaking; Non metallic inclusion; Calculation; Microstructure
• ISSN: 1073-5615; 1543-1916
• DOI: 10.1007/s11663-013-9940-7

Gas-stirring ladle treatment of liquid metal has been pointed out for a long time as the processing stage is mainly responsible for the inclusion population of specialty steels. A steel ladle is a complex three-phase reactor, where strongly dispersed inclusions are transported by the turbulent liquid metal/bubbles flow. We have coupled a population balance model with CFD in order to simulate the mechanisms of transport, aggregation, flotation, and surface entrapment of inclusions. The simulation results, when applied to an industrial gas-stirring ladle operation, show the efficiency of this modeling approach and allow us to compare the respective roles of these mechanisms on the inclusion removal rate. The comparison with literature reporting data emphasizes the good prediction of deoxidating rate of the ladle. On parallel, a simplified zero-dimensional model has been set-up incorporating the same kinetics law for the aggregation rate and all the removal mechanisms. A particular attention has been paid on the averaging method of the hydrodynamics parameters introduced in the flotation and kinetics kernels.