Green microfluidic liquid-phase microextraction of polar and non-polar acids from urine

• Published in: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol. 413; no. 14; pp. 3717 - 3723
• Main Authors: Santigosa, Elia, Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig, Muñoz, María, Ramos-Payán, María
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2021; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acids; Analytical Chemistry; Anthranilic acid; Biochemistry; Camphor; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemical properties; Chemical wastes; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composition; Drugs; Extraction (Chemistry); Food Science; Hazardous wastes; Hippuric acid; Laboratory Medicine; Liquid chromatography; Liquid membranes; Liquid phases; Menthol; Methods; Microfluidic devices; Microfluidics; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Naproxen; Research Paper; Solvents; Ultraviolet radiation; Urine; Spain; Liquid-phase microextraction; Deep eutectic solvents; Supported liquid membrane; Microfluidic; Acidic drugs
• ISSN: 1618-2642; 1618-2650
• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03320-9

In this work, hippuric acid (log P  = 0.5), anthranilic acid (log P  = 1.3), ketoprofen (log P  = 3.6), and naproxen (log P  = 3.0) were simultaneously extracted by a green microfluidic device based on the principles of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were investigated as supported liquid membrane (SLM), and a mixture of camphor and menthol as eutectic solvents in the molar ratio 1:1 was found to be highly efficient for the simultaneous extraction of non-polar and polar acidic drugs. LPME was conducted for 6 min per sample. Urine sample was delivered to the system at 1 μL min −1 , and target analytes were extracted exhaustively (75–100% recovery) across the DES SLM, and into pure aqueous phosphate buffer pH 11.0 delivered as acceptor at 1 μL min −1 . The acceptor was analyzed with liquid chromatography-UV detection. Interestingly, the DES enabled extraction of both the polar and non-polar model analytes at the same time; all chemicals were green and non-hazardous, and the chemical waste was less than 1 mg per sample.