The Azospirillum brasilense type VI secretion system promotes cell aggregation, biocontrol protection against phytopathogens and attachment to the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana

• Published in: Environmental microbiology Vol. 23; no. 10; pp. 6257 - 6274
• Main Authors: Cassan, Fabricio D., Coniglio, Anahí, Amavizca, Edgar, Maroniche, Guillermo, Cascales, Eric, Bashan, Yoav, de‐Bashan, Luz E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.10.2021; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc; Society for Applied Microbiology and Wiley-Blackwell
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Aggregation; Agrobacterium; Algae; Aquatic microorganisms; Attachment; Azospirillum brasilense; Azospirillum brasilense - genetics; Azospirillum brasilense - metabolism; Bacteria; Biological control; Carbohydrates; Cell aggregation; Chlorella; Chlorella sorokiniana; Dickeya; Genes; Genomes; Gram-negative bacteria; indole acetic acid; Indoleacetic acid; Life Sciences; Lipids; Microalgae; Microalgae - genetics; Microalgae - metabolism; Mutualism; Pathogens; Pectobacterium; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic pigments; Phytoplankton; Pigments; Plant bacterial diseases; Plant growth substances; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; Plant hormones; plant pathogens; Protection; Ralstonia; Secretion; Symbiosis; type VI secretion system; Type VI Secretion Systems - metabolism
• ISSN: 1462-2912; 1462-2920; 1462-2920
• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15749

Summary The plant‐growth‐promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense is able to associate with the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana. Attachment of A. brasilense increases the metabolic performances of the microalgae. Recent genome analyses have revealed that the A. brasilense Az39 genome contains two complete sets of genes encoding type VI secretion systems (T6SS), including the T6SS1 that is induced by the indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) phytohormone. The T6SS is a multiprotein machine, widespread in Gram‐negative bacteria, that delivers protein effectors in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Here we show that the A. brasilense T6SS is required for Chlorella‐Azospirillum synthetic mutualism. Our data demonstrate that the T6SS is an important determinant to promote production of lipids, carbohydrates and photosynthetic pigments by the microalgae. We further show that this is likely due to the role of the T6SS during the attachment stage and for the production of IAA phytohormones. Finally, we demonstrate that the A. brasilense T6SS provides antagonistic activities against a number of plant pathogens such as Agrobacterium, Pectobacterium, Dickeya and Ralstonia species in vitro, suggesting that, in addition to promoting growth, A. brasilense might confer T6SS‐dependent bio‐control protection to microalgae and plants against bacterial pathogens.