Current and Future Development in Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in North America and other developed countries. One of the reasons lung cancer is at the top of the list is that it is often not diagnosed until the cancer is at an advanced stage. Thus, the earliest diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial, espec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 16; p. 8661
Main Authors Nooreldeen, Reem, Bach, Horacio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 12.08.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
Biopsy
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Diagnostic Imaging
Disease Progression
Early Detection of Cancer
Gene amplification
Humans
Lung cancer
Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis
Lung Neoplasms - etiology
Lung Neoplasms - genetics
Lung Neoplasms - metabolism
Lymphatic system
Medical prognosis
Medical screening
Metastasis
Mutation
Occupational Diseases - diagnosis
Occupational Diseases - etiology
Radiation
Review
Risk Factors
Smoking - adverse effects
Smoking - epidemiology
Tumors
lung cancer
predictors
diagnosis
body fluids
imaging
biomarkers
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Summary:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in North America and other developed countries. One of the reasons lung cancer is at the top of the list is that it is often not diagnosed until the cancer is at an advanced stage. Thus, the earliest diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial, especially in screening high-risk populations, such as smokers, exposure to fumes, oil fields, toxic occupational places, etc. Based on the current knowledge, it looks that there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. The current diagnosis of lung cancer includes different types of imaging complemented with pathological assessment of biopsies, but these techniques can still not detect early lung cancer developments. In this review, we described the advantages and disadvantages of current methods used in diagnosing lung cancer, and we provide an analysis of the potential use of body fluids as carriers of biomarkers as predictors of cancer development and progression.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22168661