Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of an Edible Red Macroalgae Sarcodia ceylanica

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 11; p. 2437
• Main Authors: Shih, Chieh-Chih, Hwang, Hwong-Ru, Chang, Chi-I, Su, Huei-Meei, Chen, Pei-Chin, Kuo, Hsiao-Mei, Li, Pei-Jyuan, Wang, Hui-Min David, Tsui, Kuan-Hao, Lin, Yu-Chi, Huang, Shi-Ying, Wen, Zhi-Hong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.11.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Algae; Anti-inflammatory agents; Bacteria; Biomedical materials; Carrageenan; Diabetes mellitus; Edema; Ethyl acetate; Free radicals; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammation; leukocyte infiltration; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; oral; Pain; Pain perception; PD-1 protein; Peroxidase; Rodents; Sarcodia ceylanica; Sarcodia ceylanica; pain; oral; leukocyte infiltration; carrageenan
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112437

Research so far has only shown that edible red macroalgae, has the ability to eliminate free radicals and anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial properties. This study was conducted both in vitro and in vivo on the ethyl acetate extract (PD1) of farmed red macroalgae in order to explore its anti-inflammatory properties. In order to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of PD1, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. For evaluating the potential in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of PD1, we used carrageenan-induced rat paw edema to produce inflammatory pain. The in vitro results indicated that PD1 inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages. Oral PD1 can reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammatory nociception. PD1 can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced leukocyte infiltration, as well as the protein expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, interleukin-1β, and myeloperoxidase) in inflammatory tissue. The above results indicated that PD1 has great potential to be turned into a functional food or used in the development of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents. The results from this study are expected to help scientists in the continued development of for other biomedical applications.