Extracellular Vesicles in Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers and Beyond

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are membrane-bound, nanosized vesicles released by cancer cells and taken up by cells in the tumor microenvironment to modulate the molecular makeup and behavior of recipient cells. In this report, we summarize the pivotal roles of TEVs involved in bladder...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 19; no. 9; p. 2822
Main Authors Liu, Yu-Ru, Ortiz-Bonilla, Carlos J., Lee, Yi-Fen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 18.09.2018
MDPI
Subjects
Animals
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis
Biomarkers, Tumor - blood
Biomarkers, Tumor - urine
Biosynthesis
Bladder cancer
Disease Progression
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - pathology
Fibroblasts
Humans
Prostate
Proteins
Review
Studies
Treatment resistance
Tumor Microenvironment
Tumorigenesis
Urinary Bladder - pathology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - blood
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - urine
Urine
United States > US
exosome
extracellular vesicle
biomarkers
bladder cancer
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Summary:Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) are membrane-bound, nanosized vesicles released by cancer cells and taken up by cells in the tumor microenvironment to modulate the molecular makeup and behavior of recipient cells. In this report, we summarize the pivotal roles of TEVs involved in bladder cancer (BC) development, progression and treatment resistance through transferring their bioactive cargos, including proteins and nucleic acids. We also report on the molecular profiling of TEV cargos derived from urine and blood of BC patients as non-invasive disease biomarkers. The current hurdles in EV research and plausible solutions are discussed.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms19092822