Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Tuber brumale aggr

• Published in: Mycorrhiza Vol. 24; no. Suppl 1; pp. 101 - 113
• Main Authors: Merényi, Zsolt, Varga, Torda, Geml, József, Orczán, Ákos Kund, Chevalier, Gerard, Bratek, Zoltán
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.04.2014; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Ascomycota - classification; Ascomycota - genetics; Ascomycota - physiology; Bayes Theorem; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Contaminants; Ecology; Economic importance; Edible fungi production; Europe; Forestry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; Geographic Information Systems; Haplotypes; Iran; Life Sciences; Microbiology; Mycorrhizae - classification; Mycorrhizae - genetics; Mycorrhizae - physiology; New Zealand; Original Paper; Parasitism and symbiosis; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Plant physiology and development; Plant Sciences; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Refugia; Symbiosis; Tuber brumale; Turkey; Winter; New Zealand; Turkey; Iran; Europe; Refugia; Coalescent; Haplotype analysis; Post-glacial recolonisation; Ascomycota; Symbiosis; Biological evolution; Biogeography; Phylogeny; Fungi; Recolonization; Haplotype; Edible fungi
• ISSN: 0940-6360; 1432-1890
• DOI: 10.1007/s00572-014-0566-7

The Tuber brumale (winter truffle) is a black truffle reported from most European countries, belonging to the Melanosporum group. Its significance in the economy is ambivalent as the winter truffle has been shown to be a frequent contaminant species in the orchards of the Perigord truffle and occasionally in those of the summer truffle, yet owing to its delicate fragrance, its trade is worthy of note. The phylogeny and phylogeography of economically important truffles are relatively well-explored; however, no thorough research has been published on these aspects of the winter truffle. Therefore, here, we report the first phylogeographic analyses based on samples representing the entire distribution of the species. ITS sequences were used in this survey for haplotype and coalescent analyses, while phylogenetic analyses were based on the ITS, LSU and PKC loci. According to all loci, the samples clustered into two big clades imply the existence of two phylogenetic species. Based on our results, one of these appears to be endemic to the Carpathian Basin. In the other more widespread species, two main phylogeographic groups can be distinguished that show east-west separation with a zone of overlap in the Carpathian Basin, suggesting that they survived the latest glacial period in separate refugia.