Advancements in Assessments of Bio-Tissue Engineering and Viable Cell Delivery Matrices Using Bile Acid-Based Pharmacological Biotechnologies

• Published in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 1861
• Main Authors: Mooranian, Armin, Jones, Melissa, Ionescu, Corina Mihaela, Walker, Daniel, Wagle, Susbin Raj, Kovacevic, Bozica, Chester, Jacqueline, Foster, Thomas, Johnston, Edan, Mikov, Momir, Al-Salami, Hani
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.07.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Artificial organs; Bile; bioartificial organ; Biocompatibility; Biotechnology; cell microencapsulation; Fourier transforms; Hydrogels; immunogenic considerations; Immunogenicity; in vitro testing; microcapsule analysis; Microcapsules; Microencapsulation; Morphology; Pancreas; Permeability; Polymers; Review; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrum analysis; Tissue engineering; Topography; bioartificial organ; immunogenic considerations; microcapsule analysis; cell microencapsulation; in vitro testing
• ISSN: 2079-4991; 2079-4991
• DOI: 10.3390/nano11071861

The utilisation of bioartificial organs is of significant interest to many due to their versatility in treating a wide range of disorders. Microencapsulation has a potentially significant role in such organs. In order to utilise microcapsules, accurate characterisation and analysis is required to assess their properties and suitability. Bioartificial organs or transplantable microdevices must also account for immunogenic considerations, which will be discussed in detail. One of the most characterized cases is the investigation into a bioartificial pancreas, including using microencapsulation of islets or other cells, and will be the focus subject of this review. Overall, this review will discuss the traditional and modern technologies which are necessary for the characterisation of properties for transplantable microdevices or organs, summarizing analysis of the microcapsule itself, cells and finally a working organ. Furthermore, immunogenic considerations of such organs are another important aspect which is addressed within this review. The various techniques, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages will all be discussed. Hence, the purpose of this review is providing an updated examination of all processes for the analysis of a working, biocompatible artificial organ.