Regulation of Developmental Cell Death in the Animal Kingdom: A Critical Analysis of Epigenetic versus Genetic Factors

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 3; p. 1154
• Main Authors: Montero, Juan A, Lorda-Diez, Carlos Ignacio, Hurle, Juan M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 21.01.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bcl-2 protein; caspase; Caspases - genetics; Caspases - metabolism; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Construction; Cytochrome; Death & dying; DNA damage; Embryogenesis; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetics; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Genes; Genes, bcl-2; Genetic analysis; Genetic factors; lysosome; Lysosomes - enzymology; Molecular machines; Morphology; necrosis; Opinion; Organisms; Organs; Peptide Hydrolases - genetics; Peptide Hydrolases - metabolism; Progenitor cells; programmed cell death; Scaffolding; senescence; Signal processing; Suicide genes; Vertebrates; senescence; apoptosis; programmed cell death; necrosis; lysosome; caspase
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031154

The present paper proposes a new level of regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) in developing systems based on epigenetics. We argue against the traditional view of PCD as an altruistic "cell suicide" activated by specific gene-encoded signals with the function of favoring the development of their neighboring progenitors to properly form embryonic organs. In contrast, we propose that signals and local tissue interactions responsible for growth and differentiation of the embryonic tissues generate domains where cells retain an epigenetic profile sensitive to DNA damage that results in its subsequent elimination in a fashion reminiscent of what happens with scaffolding at the end of the construction of a building. Canonical death genes, including Bcl-2 family members, caspases, and lysosomal proteases, would reflect the downstream molecular machinery that executes the dying process rather than being master cell death regulatory signals.