Insights into the Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome in Parkinson's Disease

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 15; p. 5241
• Main Authors: d'Angelo, Michele, Cimini, Annamaria, Castelli, Vanessa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23.07.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Blood-brain barrier; Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism; Blood-Brain Barrier - pathology; Cell Differentiation; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Disease; Disease Models, Animal; DNA; Dopamine; Exosomes; Exosomes - metabolism; Exosomes - pathology; Exosomes - transplantation; extravesicles; Growth factors; Immune response; Inflammation; Membranes; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - pathology; Metabolism; MicroRNAs; Mutation; Neurotrophic factors; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Parkinson Disease - metabolism; Parkinson Disease - pathology; Parkinson Disease - therapy; Parkinson's disease; Pathogenesis; Physiology; Polymorphism; Proteins; Review; Secretome; Signal transduction; Signs and symptoms; Stem cells; Transplantation; Transplants & implants; conditioned medium; stem cells; extravesicles; exosomes; mesenchymal stem cells; secretome; Parkinson’s disease
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155241

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived secretome demonstrated therapeutic effects like those reported after MSCs transplantation. MSC-derived secretome may avoid various side effects of MSC-based therapy, comprising undesirable differentiation of engrafted MSCs and potential activation of the allogeneic immune response. MSC-derived secretome comprises soluble factors and encapsulated extravesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs comprise microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes. In this review, we focus on the recent insights into the effects of MSC-derived secretome in Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, MSC-derived secretome and exosomal components counteracted neuroinflammation and enhanced antioxidant capacity and neurotrophic factors expression. In light of the insights reported in this review, MSC-derived secretome or their released exosomes may be used as a potential therapeutic approach or as adjuvant therapy to counteract the disease progression and improve PD symptoms. Also, MSC-derived secretome may be used as a vehicle in cell transplantation approaches to enhance the viability and survival of engrafted cells. Furthermore, since exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, they may be used as biomarkers of neural dysfunction. Further studies are necessary to fully characterize the bioactive molecules present in the secretome and to create a new, effective, cell-free therapeutic approach towards a robust clinical outcome for PD patients.