Consumption of Wild Rice ( Zizania latifolia ) Prevents Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Model

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 15; p. 5375
• Main Authors: Hou, Xiao-Dong, Yan, Ning, Du, Yong-Mei, Liang, Hui, Zhang, Zhong-Feng, Yuan, Xiao-Long
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.07.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Body weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Chronic illnesses; Diabetes; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary fiber; Dietary minerals; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis - etiology; Dysbiosis - genetics; Dysbiosis - metabolism; Dysbiosis - prevention & control; Fatty liver; Fatty Liver - etiology; Fatty Liver - genetics; Fatty Liver - metabolism; Fatty Liver - prevention & control; Feces - microbiology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Gene Expression; Glucose; Glutathione Peroxidase - genetics; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism; gut microbiota; High fat diet; Hypertension; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal microflora; Lipids; Liver; Liver diseases; Male; Malondialdehyde - blood; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Consortia - drug effects; Microbial Consortia - physiology; Microbiota; NF-kappa B - genetics; NF-kappa B - metabolism; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha - genetics; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha - metabolism; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nutrition research; Obesity; Oryza - chemistry; Oxidative stress; Probiotics; Probiotics - administration & dosage; Proteins; Public health; rRNA 16S; Steatosis; Superoxide Dismutase - genetics; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Triglycerides - blood; Weight Gain - drug effects; Weight reduction; wild rice; North America; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; inflammation; insulin resistance; gut microbiota; wild rice
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155375

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) due to excess weight and obesity threatens public health worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and related diseases. The cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of wild rice have been reported in several studies; however, whether it has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota is unknown. Here, we show that wild rice reduces body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation, and improves insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing demonstrated that wild rice treatment significantly changed the gut microbiota composition in mice fed an HFD. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were notably decreased upon wild rice consumption. Compared with a normal chow diet (NCD), HFD feeding altered 117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and wild rice supplementation reversed 90 OTUs to the configuration in the NCD group. Overall, our results suggest that wild rice may be used as a probiotic agent to reverse HFD-induced MAFLD through the modulation of the gut microbiota.