Revisiting Regulated Cell Death Responses in Viral Infections

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 13; p. 7023
• Main Authors: Rex, Devasahayam Arokia Balaya, Keshava Prasad, Thottethodi Subrahmanya, Kandasamy, Richard K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.06.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Cell death; Humans; Kinases; Necroptosis; Pyroptosis - physiology; Regulated Cell Death; Review; Viral infections; Virus Diseases; Viruses; Viruses - metabolism; regulated cell death; signaling; viral infection; cell death; death receptors
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137023

The fate of a viral infection in the host begins with various types of cellular responses, such as abortive, productive, latent, and destructive infections. Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are the three major types of regulated cell death mechanisms that play critical roles in viral infection response. Cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, bleb formation, and retained membrane integrity are all signs of osmotic imbalance-driven cytoplasmic swelling and early membrane damage in necroptosis and pyroptosis. Caspase-driven apoptotic cell demise is considered in many circumstances as an anti-inflammatory, and some pathogens hijack the cell death signaling routes to initiate a targeted attack against the host. In this review, the selected mechanisms by which viruses interfere with cell death were discussed in-depth and were illustrated by compiling the general principles and cellular signaling mechanisms of virus–host-specific molecule interactions.