Life threatening rupture of the diaphragm after Covid 19 pneumonia: a case report

• Published in: Journal of cardiothoracic surgery Vol. 17; no. 1; p. 145
• Main Authors: Imamović, Arvin, Wagner, Doris, Lindenmann, Jörg, Fink-Neuböck, Nicole, Sauseng, Siegfried, Bajric, Tarik, Werkgartner, Georg, Mischinger, Hans Jörg
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 07.06.2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Abdomen; Aged; Arteries; Bacterial pneumonia; Case Report; Colon; Complications; Cough; COVID-19; COVID-19 - complications; Diaphragm; Diaphragm (Anatomy); Diaphragm - surgery; Diaphragmatic rupture; Dyspnea; Esophagus; Health aspects; Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic - etiology; Hospitals; Humans; Infections; Injuries; Intensive care; Intubation; Jejunum; Male; Medical imaging; Organs; Pain; Patients; Pneumonia; Respiration; Rupture; Rupture - etiology; Rupturing; Shock; Small intestine; Spleen; Sutures; Thoracic Injuries - complications; Thorax; Tomography; Trauma; Ventilators; Weaning; Wounds, Nonpenetrating - complications; Covid 19; Diaphragmatic rupture; Pneumonia; Diaphragm; Cough
• ISSN: 1749-8090; 1749-8090
• DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01886-8

The incidence of diaphragmatic rupture is low; however, it may be life threatening. Normally caused by blunt trauma, some cases are reported after pulmonary infections with extensive coughing. Covid 19 causes pulmonary infections and pneumonia and has been associated with weakening of the diaphragm after prolonged ventilation. We present a patient who suffered from diaphragmatic rupture 2 months after recovering from a severe Covid 19 pneumonia. A 71 years old male patient presented with massive thoraco-abdominal pain and severe dyspnea. At the time of admission, the patient was diagnosed with rupture of the diaphragm and developed cardiogenic shock. Intraoperatively there was a 4 cm diameter large rupture of the diaphragm with enterothorax (transverse colon, stomach, spleen, parts of the jejunum). Avulsion of the mesenteric arteries made a segmental resection of the jejunum together with the spleen necessary. A jejuno-jejunostomy was performed and organs were replaced into the abdomen. The rupture of the diaphragm underwent primary closure with non-resorbable suture material. The patient has shown an uneventful post-operative course, fully recovered and was discharged on day 11 after surgery. Covid 19 is a disease that is known to have various effects on different organs. The diaphragm is only paid heed in case of dysfunction. Also in the setting of Covid 19 it is not known as prominent effector organ. Nevertheless its affection by coughing caused by Covid 19 can lead to life threatening complications.