Closed loop control in adolescents and children during winter sports: Use of the Tandem Control‐IQ AP system

• Published in: Pediatric diabetes Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. 759 - 768
• Main Authors: Ekhlaspour, Laya, Forlenza, Gregory P., Chernavvsky, Daniel, Maahs, David M., Wadwa, R. Paul, Deboer, Mark D., Messer, Laurel H., Town, Marissa, Pinnata, Jennifer, Kruse, Geoff, Kovatchev, Boris P., Buckingham, Bruce A., Breton, Marc D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Former Munksgaard John Wiley & Sons A/S 01.09.2019; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescents; artificial pancreas; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - adverse effects; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - instrumentation; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring - methods; Child; Children; closed loop; Cold Temperature; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperglycemia - etiology; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemia - etiology; Insulin - administration & dosage; Insulin - adverse effects; Insulin Infusion Systems - adverse effects; Intelligence; Male; Pancreas; Pancreas, Artificial - adverse effects; pediatrics; Seasons; Skiing; Skiing - physiology; Sports - physiology; Teenagers; type 1 diabetes; Winter; type 1 diabetes; artificial pancreas; closed loop; pediatrics
• ISSN: 1399-543X; 1399-5448; 1399-5448
• DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12867

Objective Artificial pancreas (AP) systems have been shown to improve glycemic control throughout the day and night in adults, adolescents, and children. However, AP testing remains limited during intense and prolonged exercise in adolescents and children. We present the performance of the Tandem Control‐IQ AP system in adolescents and children during a winter ski camp study, where high altitude, low temperature, prolonged intense activity, and stress challenged glycemic control. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 24 adolescents (ages 13‐18 years) and 24 school‐aged children (6‐12 years) with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) participated in a 48 hours ski camp (∼5 hours skiing/day) at three sites: Wintergreen, VA; Kirkwood, and Breckenridge, CO. Study participants were randomized 1:1 at each site. The control group used remote monitored sensor‐augmented pump (RM‐SAP), and the experimental group used the t: slim X2 with Control‐IQ Technology AP system. All subjects were remotely monitored 24 hours per day by study staff. Results The Control‐IQ system improved percent time within range (70‐180 mg/dL) over the entire camp duration: 66.4 ± 16.4 vs 53.9 ± 24.8%; P = .01 in both children and adolescents. The AP system was associated with a significantly lower average glucose based on continuous glucose monitor data: 161 ± 29.9 vs 176.8 ± 36.5 mg/dL; P = .023. There were no differences between groups for hypoglycemia exposure or carbohydrate interventions. There were no adverse events. Conclusions The use of the Control‐IQ AP improved glycemic control and safely reduced exposure to hyperglycemia relative to RM‐SAP in pediatric patients with T1D during prolonged intensive winter sport activities.