Association between Sleep Duration and Incident Diabetes Mellitus in Healthy Subjects: A 14-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study

• Published in: Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 2899
• Main Authors: Jang, Jin Ha, Kim, Wonjin, Moon, Jin Sil, Roh, Eun, Kang, Jun Goo, Lee, Seong Jin, Ihm, Sung-Hee, Huh, Ji Hye
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Alcohol; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Care and treatment; Cholesterol; Clinical medicine; Cohort analysis; Complications and side effects; Diabetes; Glucose; Health aspects; Health care; Homeostasis; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Insulin resistance; Laboratories; Life style; Plasma; Self report; Sleep; Sleep disorders; Statistical analysis; Type 2 diabetes; Womens health; South Korea; United States > US; excessive daytime sleepiness; sleep duration; insulin secretion; diabetes; sleep quality
• ISSN: 2077-0383; 2077-0383
• DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082899

This study aimed to investigate whether sleep duration and/or quality are associated with incident diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 8816 of 10,030 healthy participants were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Sleep duration and quality questionnaires were completed. Sleep quality was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), which measures excessive daytime sleepiness in individuals. During the 14-year follow-up period, 18% (1630/8816) were diagnosed with DM. A U-shaped relationship was observed between sleep duration and incident DM, with the highest risk observed when sleep duration was ≥10 h/day (hazard ratios (HR) 1.65 [1.25-2.17]). This group exhibited decreased insulin glycogenic index, a marker of insulin secretory function, during the study period. Among study participants who slept less than 10 h/day, the risk of incident DM increased when the ESS score was >10. We found that the association between sleep duration and incident DM was U-shaped; both short (≤5 h) and long (≥10 h) sleep durations were associated with an increased risk for the occurrence of incident DM. When sleep duration was 10 h or longer per day, there was a tendency to develop DM due to decreased insulin secretory function.