Wallenda/DLK protein levels are temporally downregulated by Tramtrack69 to allow R7 growth cones to become stationary boutons

• Published in: Development (Cambridge) Vol. 143; no. 16; pp. 2983 - 2993
• Main Authors: Feoktistov, Alexander I, Herman, Tory G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England The Company of Biologists Ltd 15.08.2016
• Subjects: Animals; Axons - metabolism; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Drosophila Proteins - genetics; Drosophila Proteins - metabolism; Growth Cones - metabolism; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - genetics; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases - metabolism; Repressor Proteins - genetics; Repressor Proteins - metabolism; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; DLK; Tramtrack69; R7; Drosophila; JNK; Wallenda
• ISSN: 0950-1991; 1477-9129
• DOI: 10.1242/dev.134403

Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) promotes growth cone motility and must be restrained to ensure normal development. PHR (Pam/Highwire/RPM-1) ubiquitin ligases therefore target DLK for degradation unless axon injury occurs. Overall DLK levels decrease during development, but how DLK levels are regulated within a developing growth cone has not been examined. We analyzed the expression of the fly DLK Wallenda (Wnd) in R7 photoreceptor growth cones as they halt at their targets and become presynaptic boutons. We found that Wnd protein levels are repressed by the PHR protein Highwire (Hiw) during R7 growth cone halting, as has been observed in other systems. However, as R7 growth cones become boutons, Wnd levels are further repressed by a temporally expressed transcription factor, Tramtrack69 (Ttk69). Previously unobserved negative feedback from JNK also contributes to Wnd repression at both time points. We conclude that neurons deploy additional mechanisms to downregulate DLK as they form stable, synaptic connections. We use live imaging to probe the effects of Wnd and Ttk69 on R7 bouton development and conclude that Ttk69 coordinates multiple regulators of this process.