Diagnostic Values of Laboratory Biomarkers in Predicting a Severe Course of COVID-19 on Hospital Admission

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2022; pp. 5644956 - 11
• Main Authors: Tummala, Anusha, Ramesh, Venkat, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Koyyada, Rajeswari, Singh, Anula Divyash, Patnam, Sreekanth, Satish Kumar, M., Varahala, Sneha, Manda, Sasidhar V., Narreddy, Suneetha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 07.11.2022; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Admission and discharge; Alanine; Albumin; Albumins; Aspartate aminotransferase; Biological markers; Biomarkers; Blood; Blood platelets; Cardiovascular disease; Comorbidity; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 Testing; Creatinine; Diabetes; Diagnosis; Eosinophils; Ferritin; Fever; Gender; Globulins; Hematology; Hospitals; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; Interleukin 6; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Laboratories; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Leukocytes (eosinophilic); Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Lymphocytes; Medical examination; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Patients; Prognosis; Prothrombin; Regression analysis; Regression models; Retrospective Studies; Statistical analysis; Urea; Ureas; Variables; Viral diseases; India
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/5644956

Objective. We intend to identify differences in the clinicodemographic and laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients to predict disease severity and outcome on admission. Methods. This single-centred retrospective study retrieved laboratory and clinical data from 350 COVID-19 patients on admission, represented as frequency tables. A multivariate regression model was used to assess the statistically significant association between the explanatory variables and COVID-19 infection outcomes, where adjusted odds ratio (AOR), p value, and 95% CI were used for testing significance. Results. Among the 350 COVID-19 patients studied, there was a significant increase in the WBC count, neutrophils, aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet ratio (NLPR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time (PT), glucose, urea, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, eosinophils, total protein, albumin, prealbumin serum, and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio in the severe group when compared with the mild and moderate groups. However, after adjusting their age, gender, and comorbidities, WBC count (adjusted odds ratio AOR=6.888, 95% CI=1.590-29.839, p=0.010), neutrophils (AOR=5.912, 95% CI=2.131-16.402, p=0.001), and urea (AOR=4.843, 95% CI=1.988-11.755, p=0.001) were strongly associated with disease severity. Interpretation and Conclusion. On admission, WBC count, neutrophils, and urea, with their cut of values, can identify at-risk COVID-19 patients who could develop severe COVID-19.