Immunotoxic effects of imidacloprid following 28 days of oral exposure in BALB/c mice

• Published in: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 408 - 418
• Main Authors: Badgujar, Prarabdh C, Jain, S.K, Singh, Ajit, Punia, J.S, Gupta, R.P, Chandratre, Gauri A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.05.2013
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Animals; BALB/c mice; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell-mediated immune response; Emergency; Erythrocytes - immunology; Female; Hemagglutination Tests; Hypersensitivity, Delayed - pathology; Imidacloprid; Imidazoles - toxicity; Immunotoxicity; Insecticides - toxicity; Kidney - anatomy & histology; Kidney - drug effects; Leukocyte Count; Liver - drug effects; Liver - pathology; Lung - anatomy & histology; Lung - drug effects; Lymphocytes - cytology; Lymphocytes - drug effects; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neonicotinoids; Nitro Compounds - toxicity; NOAEL; Sheep - immunology; Spleen - cytology; Spleen - drug effects; Spleen - pathology; TH cells; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; BALB/c mice; Cell-mediated immune response; Imidacloprid; T H cells; Immunotoxicity; NOAEL; TH cells
• ISSN: 1382-6689; 1872-7077
• DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.01.012

Highlights ► Maximum tolerated dose of imidacloprid in female BALB/c mice – 50 mg/kg by oral route. ► Imidacloprid at 10 mg/kg dose specifically suppressed cell-mediated immune response. ► First time combination of XTT dye and phytohemagglutinin-used for murine T cells. ► Imidacloprid at 10 mg/kg was cytotoxic to T lymphocytes particularly TH cells. ► First report – NOAEL of imidacloprid in BALB/c mice for immunotoxicity – 2.5 mg/kg/day.