The Past and Present of Paraoxonase Enzyme: Its Role in the Cardiovascular System and Some Diseases

• Published in: Journal of medical biochemistry Vol. 31; no. 3; pp. 161 - 173
• Main Authors: Aydin, Suleyman, Sahin, İbrahim, Aydin, Suna, Aksoy, Aziz, Citil, Cihan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Belgrade Versita 01.07.2012; Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia; Society of Medical Biochemists of Serbia, Belgrade
• Subjects: bolesti kardiovaskularnog sistema; cardiovascular system diseases; paraoksonaza; paraoxonase; polimorfizam; polymorphism
• ISSN: 1452-8258; 1452-8266
• DOI: 10.2478/v10011-012-0006-1

Although paraoxonase is synthesized in many tissues including the heart, colon, kidneys, lungs, small intestines and brain, its major locus of synthesis is the liver. PON1 is in close association with apolipoproteins and protects LDL against oxidation. It was reported that PON1 quantities dropped to 40 times lower than normal in cardiovascular diseases and diseases like diabetes, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic renal failure, SLE, Behcet's disease, cancer, hepatitis B, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's and dementia. It is speculated that the concerning decline in serum PON1 amount results from single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding (Q192R, L55M) and promoter (T-108C) sites of the PON1 gene. Additionally, circulating amounts of PON1 are affected by vitamins, antioxidants, fatty acids, dietary factors, drugs, age and lifestyle. This collection attempts to review and examine the past and present studies of paraoxonase and its relation with the cardiovascular system and some relevant diseases. Iako se paraoksonaza sintetiše u mnogim tkivima, uključujući srce, debelo crevo, bubrege, pluća, tanko crevo i mozak, glavno mesto njene sinteze je jetra. PON1 je blisko povezana sa apolipoproteinima i štiti LDL od oksidacije. Količine PON1 čak 40 puta niže od normalnog nivoa zabeležene su u kardiovaskularnim bolestima i oboljenjima kao što su dijabetes, ulcerozni kolitis, Kronova bolest, hronična bubrežna insuficijencija, sistemski eritemski lupus, Behčetov sindrom, kancer, hepatitis B, gojaznost, metabolički sindrom, Alchajmerova bolest i demencija. Spekuliše se da pomenuti pad nivoa PON1 u serumu potiče od polimorfizma pojedinačnih nukleotida na kodnim (Q192R, L55M) i promoterskim (T-108C) područjima gena PON1. Pored toga, na količinu PON1 u cirkulaciji utiču vitamini, antioksidansi, masne kiseline, faktori ishrane, lekovi, godine i način života. Ovaj pregled predstavlja pokušaj da se izlože i razmotre prošle i sadašnje studije o paraoksonazi i njenom odnosu sa kardiovaskularnim sistemom i nekim relevantnim bolestima.