Eosinopenia is a reliable marker of severe disease and unfavourable outcome in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia

• Published in: International Journal of Clinical Practice Vol. 75; no. 7; pp. e14047 - n/a
• Main Authors: Cazzaniga, Massimo, Fumagalli, Luca A. M., D'angelo, Luciano, Cerino, Mario, Bonfanti, Giulia, Fumagalli, Riccardo M., Schiavo, Gianpaolo, Lorini, Cristina, Lainu, Elisa, Terragni, Sabina, Chiarelli, Marco, Scarazzati, Claudio, Bonato, Claudio, Zago, Mauro
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2021; Hindawi Limited; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Clinical outcomes; COVID-19; Eosinopenia; Leukocytes (eosinophilic); Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Lymphocytes; Medical prognosis; Monocytes; Mortality; Patients; Pneumonia; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Short Report; Short Reports
• ISSN: 1368-5031; 1742-1241
• DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14047

Background and Aim Viral pneumonia is the most relevant clinical presentation of COVID‐19 which may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome and even death. Eosinopenia was often noticed in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia, but its role is poorly investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia and eosinopenia. Methods We revised the records of consecutive patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia admitted to our ER‐COVID‐19 area in order to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without eosinopenia. We considered the following clinical outcomes: 4‐weeks survival; need for intensive respiratory support; and hospital discharge. Results Out of first 107 consecutive patients with pneumonia and a positive COVID‐19 nasopharyngeal swab, 75 patients showed undetectable eosinophil count (absolute eosinopenia). At 4 weeks, 38 patients (38.4%) had required intensive respiratory treatment, 25 (23.4%) deceased and 42 (39.2%) were discharged. Compared with patients without absolute eosinopenia, patients with absolute eosinopenia showed higher need of intensive respiratory treatment (49.3% vs 13.3%, P < .001), higher mortality (30.6% vs 6.2%, P .006) and lower rate of hospital discharge (28% vs 65.6%, P < .001). Binary logistic regression analyses including neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte counts showed that absolute eosinopenia was an independent factor associated with 4‐weeks mortality, need for intensive respiratory support and hospital discharge. Conclusions Absolute eosinopenia is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia and might be used as a marker to discriminate patients with unfavourable prognosis.