Assessment of photodynamic therapy with annatto and led for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children: Randomized controlled clinical trial

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 19; no. 9; p. e0307957
• Main Authors: Bruno, Laura Hermida, Mandetta, Amanda Rafaelly Honório, Sobral, Ana Paula Taboada, Leal Gonçalves, Marcela Leticia, Santos, Elaine Marcilio, Fossati, Ana Laura, Gallo, Juliana Maria Altavista Sagretti, Motta, Pamella de Barros, Deana, Alessandro Melo, Horliana, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini, Motta, Lara Jansiski, Ferrari, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita, Santos Fernandes, Kristianne Porta, Kalil Bussadori, Sandra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Francisco Public Library of Science 03.09.2024; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Annatto; Bacteria; Biology and Life Sciences; Breath, Offensive; Brushing; Cancer; Care and treatment; Children; Clinical trials; Demographic aspects; Dental floss; Diagnosis; Effectiveness; Halitosis; Health aspects; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Mouth; Normality; Nose; Off odor; Patient outcomes; People and Places; Photochemotherapy; Photodynamic therapy; Physical Sciences; Statistical analysis; Tongue; Brazil
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307957

To assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) employing an annatto-based (20%) dye combined with blue LED for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children. Fifty-two children six to twelve years of age with diagnoses of mouth breathing and halitosis (score of [greater than or equal to] 3 on portable breath meter) Breath Alert[TM] (Tanita Corporation®-Japan), were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 26). Group 1: brushing, dental floss and aPDT applied to middle third of the dorsum of the tongue. Group 2: brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper. Breath meter results before, immediately after treatment as well as seven and 30 days after treatment were compared. The hypothesis of normality in the data was discarded by the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05) and for statistical analysis the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used. A significant difference was found between the pre-treatment reading and all other readings (p 0.05). However, significant differences were found between groups for all post-treatment assessments (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), indicating greater effectiveness with aPDT. No association was found between the initial reading and the presence of coated tongue. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using annatto and blue LED proved to be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of halitosis in mouth-breathing children.