Current look at the most promising proteomic and glycomic biomarkers of bladder cancer

• Published in: Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology Vol. 150; no. 2; p. 96
• Main Authors: Harsanyi, Stefan, Kianickova, Kristina, Katrlik, Jaroslav, Danisovic, Lubos, Ziaran, Stanislav
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 19.02.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bladder cancer; Cancer Research; Collagen (type IV); Fibronectin; Glycomics; Glycoproteins; Hematology; Humans; Internal Medicine; Invasiveness; Keratin; Laminin; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metalloproteinase; Nuclear Proteins; Oncology; Phenotype; Phenotypes; Proteomics; Review; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnosis; Biomarkers; Diagnostics; Bladder cancer; Protein; Glycoprotein
• ISSN: 1432-1335; 0171-5216; 1432-1335
• DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05623-7

Background Bladder cancer (BC) belongs to the most frequent cancer types. The diagnostic process is still long and costly, with a high percentage of false-positive or -negative results. Due to the cost and lack of effectiveness, older methods need to be supplemented or replaced by a newer more reliable method. In this regard, proteins and glycoproteins pose high potential. Methods We performed an online search in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find relevant studies published in English up until May 2023. If applicable, we set the AUC threshold to 0.90 and sensitivity/specificity (SN/SP) to 90%. Findings Protein and glycoprotein biomarkers are a demonstrably viable option in BC diagnostics. Cholinesterase shows promise in progression-free survival. BLCA-4, ORM-1 along with HTRA1 in the detection of BC. Matrix metallopeptidase 9 exhibits potential for stratification of muscle-invasive subtypes with high negative predictive value for aggressive phenotypes. Distinguishing non-muscle invasive subtypes benefits from Keratin 17. Neu5Gc-modified UMOD glycoproteins pose potential in BC diagnosis, while fibronectin, laminin-5, collagen type IV, and lamprey immunity protein in early detection of BC.