Incorporation of Glycine max Merrill Extract into Layered Double Hydroxide through Ion-Exchange and Reconstruction

• Published in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 9; no. 9; p. 1262
• Main Authors: Jeung, Do-Gak, Kim, Hyoung-Jun, Oh, Jae-Min
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05.09.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase activity; Biological activity; Biomedical materials; Chromatography; Collagen; Cytotoxicity; Daidzein; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; Emission measurements; Flavonoids; Glycine max; Glycine max Merrill extract; Hybrids; Hydroxides; incorporation method; Ion exchange; layered double hydroxide; Methods; Nanoparticles; Nitrates; Osteoblastogenesis; pH effects; Phosphatase; Potassium; Reconstruction; release; Scanning electron microscopy; Soybeans; Time dependence; X-ray diffraction; United States > US; Switzerland; South Korea; Glycine max Merrill extract; alkaline phosphatase activity; layered double hydroxide; release; incorporation method
• ISSN: 2079-4991; 2079-4991
• DOI: 10.3390/nano9091262

We incorporated extract of (GM), which is generally known as soybean, into a layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructure through two different methods, ion-exchange and reconstruction. Through X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and zeta-potential measurement, GM moiety seemed to be simply attached on the surface of LDH by ion-exchange process, while the extract could be incorporated in the inter-particle pore of LDHs by reconstruction reaction. The quantification exhibited that both incorporation method showed comparable extract loading capacity of 15.6 wt/wt% for GM-LDH hybrid prepared by ion-exchange (GML-I) and 18.6 wt/wt% for GM-LDH hybrid by reconstruction (GML-R). On the other hand, bioactive substance in both GM-LDH hybrids, revealed that GML-R has higher daidzein content (0.0286 wt/wt%) compared with GML-I (0.0108 wt/wt%). According to time-dependent daidzein release, we confirmed that GML-R showed pH dependent daidzein release; a higher amount of daidzein was released in pH 4.5 physiological condition than in pH 7.4, suggesting the drug delivery potential of GML-R. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen fiber formation on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells displayed that GML-R had superior possibility of osteoblast differentiation than GML-I. From these results, we concluded that reconstruction method was more effective for extract incorporation than ion-exchange reaction, due to its pH dependent release property and alkaline phosphatase activity.