Failures of nerve regeneration caused by aging or chronic denervation are rescued by restoring Schwann cell c-Jun

• Published in: eLife Vol. 10
• Main Authors: Wagstaff, Laura J, Gomez-Sanchez, Jose A, Fazal, Shaline V, Otto, Georg W, Kilpatrick, Alastair M, Michael, Kirolos, Wong, Liam YN, Ma, Ki H, Turmaine, Mark, Svaren, John, Gordon, Tessa, Arthur-Farraj, Peter, Velasco-Aviles, Sergio, Cabedo, Hugo, Benito, Cristina, Mirsky, Rhona, Jessen, Kristjan R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 21.01.2021; eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
• Subjects: Age; Aging; Animals; c-Jun; c-Jun protein; chronic denervation; Denervation; Failure; Female; Genotype & phenotype; Injuries; Jun protein; Male; Mice; Myelin; Nerve Regeneration; Neuroscience; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun - metabolism; Regeneration; repair cell; schwann cell; Schwann cells; Schwann Cells - metabolism; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; Transcription factors; c-Jun; mouse; stem cells; neuroscience; regenerative medicine; chronic denervation; repair cell; schwann cell; nerve regeneration; aging
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.62232

After nerve injury, myelin and Remak Schwann cells reprogram to repair cells specialized for regeneration. Normally providing strong regenerative support, these cells fail in aging animals, and during chronic denervation that results from slow axon growth. This impairs axonal regeneration and causes significant clinical problems. In mice, we find that repair cells express reduced c-Jun protein as regenerative support provided by these cells declines during aging and chronic denervation. In both cases, genetically restoring Schwann cell c-Jun levels restores regeneration to control levels. We identify potential gene candidates mediating this effect and implicate Shh in the control of Schwann cell c-Jun levels. This establishes that a common mechanism, reduced c-Jun in Schwann cells, regulates success and failure of nerve repair both during aging and chronic denervation. This provides a molecular framework for addressing important clinical problems, suggesting molecular pathways that can be targeted to promote repair in the PNS.