Dopant-additive synergism enhances perovskite solar modules

• Published in: Nature (London) Vol. 628; no. 8007; pp. 299 - 305
• Main Authors: Ding, Bin, Ding, Yong, Peng, Jun, Romano-deGea, Jan, Frederiksen, Lindsey E. K., Kanda, Hiroyuki, Syzgantseva, Olga A., Syzgantseva, Maria A., Audinot, Jean-Nicolas, Bour, Jerome, Zhang, Song, Wirtz, Tom, Fei, Zhaofu, Dörflinger, Patrick, Shibayama, Naoyuki, Niu, Yunjuan, Hu, Sixia, Zhang, Shunlin, Tirani, Farzaneh Fadaei, Liu, Yan, Yang, Guan-Jun, Brooks, Keith, Hu, Linhua, Kinge, Sachin, Dyakonov, Vladimir, Zhang, Xiaohong, Dai, Songyuan, Dyson, Paul J., Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 11.04.2024; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 639/301/299/946; 639/4077/909/4101/4096/946; Chlorides; Commercialization; Crystal defects; Decomposition; Dopants; Efficiency; Fabrication; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hydrogen bonds; Ionic liquids; Modules; multidisciplinary; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Optoelectronics; Perovskites; Photovoltaic cells; Photovoltaics; Room temperature; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Solar cells; Spectrum analysis; Stability; Synergism
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07228-z

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties 1 , 2 . However, the lower efficiency, poor stability and reproducibility issues of large-area PSCs compared with laboratory-scale PSCs are notable drawbacks that hinder their commercialization 3 . Here we report a synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride (MACl) as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive, 1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)imidazolium chloride ([Bcmim]Cl). This strategy effectively inhibits the degradation of the perovskite precursor solution (PPS), suppresses the aggregation of MACl and results in phase-homogeneous and stable perovskite films with high crystallinity and fewer defects. This approach enabled the fabrication of perovskite solar modules (PSMs) that achieved a certified efficiency of 23.30% and ultimately stabilized at 22.97% over a 27.22-cm 2 aperture area, marking the highest certified PSM performance. Furthermore, the PSMs showed long-term operational stability, maintaining 94.66% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h under continuous one-sun illumination at room temperature. The interaction between [Bcmim]Cl and MACl was extensively studied to unravel the mechanism leading to an enhancement of device properties. Our approach holds substantial promise for bridging the benchtop-to-rooftop gap and advancing the production and commercialization of large-area perovskite photovoltaics. A synergistic dopant-additive combination strategy using methylammonium chloride as the dopant and a Lewis-basic ionic-liquid additive is shown to enable the fabrication of perovskite solar modules achieving record certified performance and long-term operational stability.