Climate change, the by-product of tourism and energy consumption through a sustainable economic growth: a non-linear ARDL analysis for Turkey

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 30; no. 34; pp. 81585 - 81599
• Main Authors: Acaroğlu, Hakan, Güllü, Mustafa, Seçilmiş, Cihan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Arrivals; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Carbon Dioxide - analysis; Climate Change; Climate change mitigation; Decision making; Dependent variables; Earth and Environmental Science; Economic analysis; Economic Development; Economic growth; Economic policy; Economics; Ecotoxicology; Energy consumption; Energy industry; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental degradation; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Government Spending; Green Energy; Green Energy, Innovation, Government Spending, Sustainable Tourism & Production under Climate Change and Pollution; Independent variables; Innovation; Lag time; Nonlinear analysis; Policies; Precipitation; Renewable energy; Renewable resources; Sustainable Tourism & Production under Climate Change and Pollution; Tourism; Tourists; Turkey; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Turkey; Tourism; Climate change; Economic growth; Renewable energy consumption; Non-renewable energy consumption
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26927-0

Using a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag time-series analysis, this paper investigates the causal relationship between climate change, the tourism sector, and energy consumption in Turkey. The trade-off between a country’s economic growth and the environmental degradation caused by tourism and the energy sector is critical in terms of scientifically addressing the issue and developing economic policies. As a result, climate change is used as the dependent variable and is represented by precipitation and temperature separately; the independent variables are tourist arrivals, energy consumption, and economic growth. Data is gathered by various institutions from 1995 to 2020. According to the test results, while positive and negative shocks contribute to the decrease in precipitation and temperature in renewable energy consumption (REC) in the long-run, they affect the increase in precipitation and temperature in non-renewable energy consumption (NREC). In the long-run relationship between tourism and temperature, a decrease in the number of tourist arrivals causes a decrease in temperature and precipitation. The findings reveal that a decrease in the number of tourist arrivals and an increase in REC may aid in decreasing temperature, while the increase in NREC may cause an increase in temperature. Through a case study of Turkey, decision-makers should consider these scientific findings that are in the frame of non-linear analysis as possible scenarios for mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable economic growth with efficient tourism policies for the world.