Line Managers’ Perspectives and Responses when Employees Burn Out

• Published in: Journal of occupational rehabilitation Vol. 34; no. 1; pp. 169 - 179
• Main Authors: Claeys, M., Van den Broeck, A., Houkes, I., de Rijk, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.03.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Burnout; Clinical Psychology; Employee behavior; Employees; Environmental Health; Health Psychology; Line managers; Managers; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Occupational health; Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine; Orthopedics; Rehabilitation; role; secondary prevention; qualitative research; burnout; occupations; mental health
• ISSN: 1053-0487; 1573-3688
• DOI: 10.1007/s10926-023-10117-3

Purpose Little is known about whether burnout can be stopped at an emerging stage. To develop this knowledge, we focus on line managers’ perspectives and responses when an employee who seems to be heading for burnout is still at work. Methods We interviewed 17 line managers working in the educational and health care sectors, who had been confronted with the sickness absence of at least one employee due to burnout in the past. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. Results During the period that the employee seemed to be developing burnout while still at work, line managers experienced three different, successive phases: picking up signals, role-taking, and re-evaluation. Line managers’ personal frame of reference (e.g., having experience with burnout) seemed to influence whether and how they picked up signals of burnout. Line managers not picking up signals, did not take any action. When picking up the signals, the managers however generally took an active role: they started a conversation, changed work tasks, and - at a later stage - adapted the employee’s job description, sometimes without consulting the employee. The managers felt powerless yet learned from the experience when subsequently re-evaluating the period during which employees developed symptoms of burnout. These re-evaluations resulted in an adapted personal frame of reference. Conclusion This study shows that improving line managers’ frame of reference, e.g., by organizing meetings and/or training, may help them to detect early signals of burnout and take action. This is a first step to prevent the further development of early burnout symptoms.