Examining the Fraternal Birth Order Effect and Sexual Orientation: Insights from an East European Population

• Published in: Archives of sexual behavior Vol. 53; no. 8; pp. 2905 - 2922
• Main Authors: Fořt, Jakub, Kunc, Benjamin, Valentova, Jaroslava Varella, Bártová, Klára, Hudáčová, Kateřina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.08.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Birth Order; Czech Republic; Female; Gays & lesbians; Heterosexuality - psychology; Heterosexuality - statistics & numerical data; Homosexuality, Female - statistics & numerical data; Homosexuality, Male - psychology; Homosexuality, Male - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Male; Men; Middle Aged; Original Paper; Psychology; Public Health; Sexual and Gender Minorities - psychology; Sexual and Gender Minorities - statistics & numerical data; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Behavior - statistics & numerical data; Sexual orientation; Siblings; Slovakia; Social Sciences; Young Adult; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Maternal fertility; Sexual orientation; Male homosexuality; Female homosexuality; Birth order
• ISSN: 0004-0002; 1573-2800; 1573-2800
• DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02892-8

The development of human sexual orientation remains a complex and multifaceted subject. It is often studied but its origins continue to elude us. In this preregistered study, our primary objective was to demonstrate the fraternal birth order effect (FBOE), which assumes a higher prevalence of older brothers in gay men than in their straight counterparts and which has also been recently recorded in lesbian women. Our second aim was to explore any potential impact of the FBOE on anal-erotic role orientation (AERO), both in gay and straight men. Our study sample included 693 gay men, 843 straight men, 265 lesbian women, and 331 straight women from Czechia and Slovakia. Employing a conventionally parameterized logistic regression model, we substantiated the FBOE among both gay men (OR = 1.35 for maternal older brothers) and lesbian women (OR = 1.71). These outcomes were confirmed by a more nuanced parameterization recently proposed by Blanchard ( 2022 ). Nonmaternal older brothers did not exhibit a significant influence on their younger brothers’ sexual orientation. Contrary to some earlier reports, however, our data did not establish the FBOE as exclusive to gay men with the receptive AERO. Furthermore, our observations indicated a lower offspring count for mothers of gay men compared to mothers of straight men. Emphasizing the positive FBOE outcomes, we acknowledge the need for caution regarding the various options that can be used to estimate the familial influences on sexual orientation.