Time preferences are reliable across time-horizons and verbal versus experiential tasks

• Published in: eLife Vol. 8
• Main Authors: Lukinova, Evgeniya, Wang, Yuyue, Lehrer, Steven F, Erlich, Jeffrey C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 05.02.2019; eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Animal cognition; Animal models; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Brain research; Clinical decision making; Computational and Systems Biology; Criminality; Decision making; Delay Discounting; Discount rates; Economic models; Economics; experiential; Experiential learning; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Human subjects; Humans; Hypotheses; intertemporal; Male; Mental task performance; Neuroscience; Neurosciences; perceptual; Psychological Tests; Research Communication; Software; Students; Young Adult; United States > US; Shanghai China; computational biology; systems biology; decision-making; experiential; neuroscience; delay-discounting; perceptual; human; intertemporal
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.39656

Individual differences in delay-discounting correlate with important real world outcomes, for example education, income, drug use, and criminality. As such, delay-discounting has been extensively studied by economists, psychologists and neuroscientists to reveal its behavioral and biological mechanisms in both human and non-human animal models. However, two major methodological differences hinder comparing results across species. Human studies present long time-horizon options verbally, whereas animal studies employ experiential cues and short delays. To bridge these divides, we developed a novel language-free experiential task inspired by animal decision-making studies. We found that the ranks of subjects’ time-preferences were reliable across both verbal/experiential and second/day differences. Yet, discount factors scaled dramatically across the tasks, indicating a strong effect of temporal context. Taken together, this indicates that individuals have a stable, but context-dependent, time-preference that can be reliably assessed using different methods, providing a foundation to bridge studies of time-preferences across species. Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (see <xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">decision letter ).