Development and validation of patient diabetes knowledge questionnaire (PDKQ)

• Published in: Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 1
• Main Authors: Lim, Phei Ching, Rajah, Retha, Lim, Yen Li, Kam, Jason Lye Hin, Wong, Te Ying, Krishnanmurthi, Vivegananth, Chang, Chee Tao, Cheah, Mun Teng, Kamaruzzaman, Nur Dayana, Tan, Wee Toong, Lee, Eng Seng, Zainal, Hadzliana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 19.10.2023; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Ambulatory care; Analysis; Carbohydrates; Diabetes; Diabetics; Drug stores; Endocrinology; Health education; Insulin; Knowledge; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Metabolic disorders; Multiple choice; Patient education; Patients; Questionnaires; Systematic review; Type 2 diabetes; Validity; Malaysia
• ISSN: 2052-3211; 2052-3211
• DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00631-3

Background Evaluation of diabetes knowledge plays a pivotal role in identifying and addressing patients' knowledge gaps. The implementation of a standardized diabetes knowledge assessment tool is important to ensure consistent scoring and facilitating the development of effective and standardized education programs. Aim To develop and validate a patient diabetes knowledge questionnaire (PDKQ) to assess knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients. Methods The development of the PDKQ questionnaire involved three phases: item development, content validation, and reliability testing. In the item development phase, the initial draft of the PDKQ, comprising a multiple-choice answer questionnaire was developed. The content validation phase comprised two stages. Firstly, ten experts participated in the expert validation process, followed by face validation involving six patients. In the final phase, test-retest analysis was performed among diabetes mellitus patients to assess reliability. Results The first draft of PDKQ consisted of 11 patient characteristics items and 37 items of multiple choices questions. During the expert validation, three items were eliminated due to low clarity, and an additional six items were removed as they were deemed irrelevant or unimportant. During the face validation, three patients' characteristic items and eight multiple-choice questions were excluded due to a content validity index of less than 0.83. In the test-retest phase, 36 subjects responded to 8 items pertaining to patients' characteristics and 20 multiple-choice questions. The test-retest analysis yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.88, indicating good reliability. Conclusion The 20-item PDKQ is a reliable and robust tool in assessing the knowledge of diabetes mellitus patients in Malaysia. Its implementation allows standardized assessment of diabetic patients' knowledge levels, enabling targeted interventions to empower patients and optimize diabetes care practices. Keywords: Patient knowledge, Diabetes mellitus, Questionnaire, Development, Validation