Comprehensive primary particulate organic characterization of vehicular exhaust emissions in France

• Published in: Atmospheric environment (1994) Vol. 43; no. 39; pp. 6190 - 6198
• Main Authors: El Haddad, Imad, Marchand, Nicolas, Dron, Julien, Temime-Roussel, Brice, Quivet, Etienne, Wortham, Henri, Jaffrezo, Jean Luc, Baduel, Christine, Voisin, Didier, Besombes, Jean Luc, Gille, Gregory
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2009; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aerosols; Applied sciences; Atmospheric pollution; Carbon; Diesel; Diesel fuels; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Exhaust emission; External geophysics; Functional analyses; Marseille; Meteorology; Organic aerosol; Organic compounds; Organic markers; Particulate emissions; Pollution; Polyallylamine hydrochloride; Tunnel experiment; Tunnels (transportation); Vehicular emissions; France; Europe; Organic aerosol; Vehicular emissions; Tunnel experiment; Organic markers; Functional analyses; Marseille; Marker; Pollutant emission; Characterization; Suspended particle; Aerosols; Air pollution; Exhaust gas
• ISSN: 1352-2310; 1873-2844
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.001

A study to characterize primary particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) from the French vehicular fleet was conducted during winter 2008, in a tunnel in Marseille, France. The carbonaceous fraction represents 70% of the aerosol mass and elemental carbon fraction (EC) represent 60% of the carbonaceous fraction. The organic carbon OC was characterized in term of its water soluble fraction, functionalization rate and HULIS content. Seventy trace organic compounds including alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), petroleum biomarkers and carboxylic acids were also quantified, in order to determine an organic emission profile for chemical mass balance modeling studies. Such source profiles were still missing in Europe and particularly in France. The profile obtained in this study is consistent with profiles determined in tunnel or dynamometer studies performed in other countries during the last ten years. These results suggest that organic compounds profiles from vehicular exhaust emissions are not significantly influenced by the geographic area and are thus suitable for use in aerosol source apportionment modeling applied across extensive regions. The chemical profile determined here is very similar to those obtained for diesel emissions with high concentrations of EC relative to OC (EC/OC = 1.8) and low concentrations of the higher molecular weight PAH. These results are consistent with the high proportion of diesel vehicles in the French fleet (49%).