Moricandia arvensis-based cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration system in Brassica juncea

• Published in: Theoretical and applied genetics Vol. 97; no. 3; pp. 488 - 492
• Main Authors: Prakash, S, Kirti, P.B, Bhat, S.R, Gaikwad, K, Kumar, V.D, Chopra, V.L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Heidelberg Springer 01.08.1998; Berlin Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: addition lines; backcrossing; Biological and medical sciences; Brassica juncea; chloroplast DNA; chlorosis; chromosome pairing; Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids; Cruciferae; Cytoplasmic male sterility; degeneration; Fertility; flowering date; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gametogenesis; Genetic aspects; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution; Hybridization; intergeneric hybridization; introgression; male fertility; mitochondrial DNA; Moricandia arvensis; Pedigree analysis; Physiological aspects; pollen; protoplast fusion; Pteridophyta, spermatophyta; restorer genes; segregation; somatic hybridization; Southern blotting; Vegetals; India; Vegetable crop; Cruciferae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Restoration of fertility; Tissue culture; Somatic hybrid; Spermatophyta; Brassica juncea; Cytoplasmic male sterility
• ISSN: 0040-5752; 1432-2242
• DOI: 10.1007/s001220050921

A cytoplasmic male-sterility system has been developed in mustard (Brassica juncea) following repeated backcrossings of the somatic hybrid Moricandia arvensis (2n = 28, MM) + B. juncea (2n = 36, AABB), carrying mitochondria and chloroplasts from M. arvensis, to Brassica juncea. Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) plants are similar to normal B. juncea; however, the leaves exhibit severe chlorosis resulting in delayed flowering. Flowers are normal with slender, non-dehiscent anthers and excellent nectaries. CMS plants show regular meiosis with pollen degeneration occurring during microsporogenesis. Female fertility was normal. Genetic information for fertility restoration was introgressed following the development of a M. arvensis monosomic addition line on CMS B. juncea. The additional chromosome paired allosyndetically with one of the B. juncea bivalents and allowed introgression. The putative restorer plant also exhibited severe chlorosis similar to CMS plants but possessed 89% and 73% pollen and seed fertility, respectively, which subsequently increased to 96% and 87% in the selfed progeny. The progeny of the cross of CMS line with the restorer line MJR-15, segregated into 1 fertile: 1 sterile. The CMS (Moricandia) B. juncea, the restorer (MJR-15), and fertility restored F1 plants possess similar cytoplasmic organellar genomes as revealed by 'Southern' analysis.