Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) Modulate Glutathione S-Transferase in Non-Tumorigenic Prostate Cells
Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In...
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Published in | International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 7; p. 6323 |
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Abstract | Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC
(5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress. |
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AbstractList | Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC50 (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress.Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC50 (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress. Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC50 (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress. Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC[sub.50] (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress. Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress. Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC 50 (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Borges, Dayanne Silva Araújo, Thaise Gonçalves Vecchi, Lara Barros, Deysse Carla Tolentino da Silva, Matheus Fernandes Guerra, Joyce Ferreira da Costa Ferreira, Helen Soares Valença Arruda, Vinícius Marques Siqueira, Raoni Pais |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil 3 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil – name: 1 Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – name: 3 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dayanne Silva surname: Borges fullname: Borges, Dayanne Silva organization: Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 2 givenname: Lara surname: Vecchi fullname: Vecchi, Lara organization: Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Deysse Carla Tolentino surname: Barros fullname: Barros, Deysse Carla Tolentino organization: Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Vinícius Marques surname: Arruda fullname: Arruda, Vinícius Marques organization: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Helen Soares Valença surname: Ferreira fullname: Ferreira, Helen Soares Valença organization: Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Matheus Fernandes orcidid: 0000-0001-9356-9439 surname: da Silva fullname: da Silva, Matheus Fernandes organization: Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 7 givenname: Joyce Ferreira da Costa surname: Guerra fullname: Guerra, Joyce Ferreira da Costa organization: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 8 givenname: Raoni Pais surname: Siqueira fullname: Siqueira, Raoni Pais organization: Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil – sequence: 9 givenname: Thaise Gonçalves orcidid: 0000-0002-7593-1403 surname: Araújo fullname: Araújo, Thaise Gonçalves organization: Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil |
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Keywords | organophosphate metabolism prostate transcripts aminomethylphosphonic acid glyphosate |
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SubjectTerms | Agricultural production Agriculture alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid aminomethylphosphonic acid Cancer Cell lines Cell proliferation Cell viability Coffee industry Cytotoxicity Enzymes Gene expression Glutathione Transferase Glycine Glyphosate Herbicides Herbicides - metabolism Herbicides - pharmacology Humans Low concentrations Male Metabolism Metabolites Microorganisms mRNA organophosphate Oxidative stress Pesticides Prostate Prostate - metabolism Proteins Scientific equipment and supplies industry Tetrazoles - pharmacology Thiols |
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Title | Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) Modulate Glutathione S-Transferase in Non-Tumorigenic Prostate Cells |
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