Parallel isoelectric focusing chip

• Published in: Proteomics (Weinheim) Vol. 4; no. 9; pp. 2533 - 2540
• Main Authors: Zilberstein, Gleb, Korol, Leonid, Bukshpan, Shmuel, Baskin, Emanuil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim WILEY-VCH Verlag 01.09.2004; WILEY‐VCH Verlag; Wiley-VCH
• Subjects: Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Electrochemistry; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immobilines; Isoelectric focusing; Isoelectric Focusing - instrumentation; Isoelectric Focusing - methods; Lab-on-the-chip; Mathematics; Miscellaneous; Models, Theoretical; Protein Array Analysis; Proteins; Proteins - analysis; Time Factors; Two-dimensional map; Proteomics; Isoelectric focusing
• ISSN: 1615-9853; 1615-9861
• DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300794

Fast isoelectric focusing (IEF) is becoming a key method in modern protein analysis. We report here the theory and experimental results of new parallel isoelectric devices (PID) for fast IEF. The main separation tool of any PID is a dielectric membrane with conducting channels filled by immobiline gels of varying pH. The pH value of the surrounding aqueous solution is not equal to the pH of any of the channels. The membrane is held perpendicular to the applied electric field. Proteins are collected (trapped) in the channels whose pH values are equal to the pI of the proteins. The fast particle transport between different channels takes place due to convection in the aqueous solution. We developed a mathematical model for PID. Experiment duration is shown to be proportional to the number of different bands N (the peak capacity in standard IEF) in contrast with N2 for usual IEF devices. This model was validated with experimental results. Parallel IEF accelerates the fractionation of proteins by their pI values (down to several minutes) allowing a more desirable collection efficiency to be achieved. The main theoretical limitation of PID resolution is the sensitivity of proteins to pH change due to the Coulomb blockade effect. The existence of a minimal pH change δpHmin for each type of protein is shown: δpHmin ∼ r−1 for globular molecules with radius r.