Differential efficacy and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapies for the management of COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

• Published in: Infection Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 21 - 35
• Main Authors: Deng, Jiawen, Heybati, Kiyan, Ramaraju, Harikrishnaa Ba, Zhou, Fangwen, Rayner, Daniel, Heybati, Shayan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adverse events; Antibodies; Clinical trials; COVID-19; COVID-19 Serotherapy; Effectiveness; Family Medicine; General Practice; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunotherapy; Infectious Diseases; Internal Medicine; Intravenous administration; Literature reviews; Mechanical ventilation; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meta-analysis; Monoclonal antibodies; Mortality; Network Meta-Analysis; Patients; Placebos; Review; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Safety; SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Systematic review; Viral diseases; SARS-CoV-2; Network meta-analysis; Convalescent plasma; Monoclonal antibody; Antibody
• ISSN: 0300-8126; 1439-0973
• DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01825-8

Purpose To assess and compare the relative efficacy and safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody regimens for COVID-19. Methods This systematic review and random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA-NMA. Literature searches were conducted across MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CNKI up to February 20th, 2022. Interventions were ranked using P scores. Results Fifty-five RCTs ( N  = 45,005) were included in the review. Bamlanivimab + etesevimab (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.02–0.77) was associated with a significant reduction in mortality compared to standard of care/placebo. Casirivimab + imdevimab reduced mortality (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.91) in baseline seronegative patients only. Four different regimens led to a significant decrease in the incidence of hospitalization compared to standard of care/placebo with sotrovimab ranking first in terms of efficacy (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.48). No treatment improved incidence of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospital/ICU stay, and time to viral clearance. Convalescent plasma and anti-COVID IVIg both led to a significant increase in adverse events compared to standard of care/placebo, but no treatment increased the odds of serious adverse events. Conclusion Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs are safe, and could be effective in improving mortality and incidence of hospitalization. Convalescent plasma and anti-COVID IVIg were not efficacious and could increase odds of adverse events. Future trials should further examine the effect of baseline seronegativity, disease severity, patient risk factors, and SARS-CoV-2 strain variation on the efficacy of these regimes. Registration PROSPERO-CRD42021289903.