Human Capital Mediates Natural Selection in Contemporary Humans

• Published in: Behavior genetics Vol. 52; no. 4-5; pp. 205 - 234
• Main Authors: Hugh-Jones, David, Abdellaoui, Abdel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.09.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Behavioral Science and Psychology; Clinical Psychology; Earnings; Economic theory; Educational Status; Fertility; Fertility - genetics; Health disparities; Health Psychology; Health status; Human capital; Humans; Income; Income inequality; Labor market; Natural selection; Older parents; Original Research; Psychology; Public Health; Selection effects; Selection, Genetic; Sexual behavior; Sexual partners; Socioeconomic Factors; Socioeconomic status; United Kingdom; United Kingdom; United Kingdom > UK; Economic theory of fertility; Natural selection; Polygenic scores
• ISSN: 0001-8244; 1573-3297; 1573-3297
• DOI: 10.1007/s10519-022-10107-w

Natural selection has been documented in contemporary humans, but little is known about the mechanisms behind it. We test for natural selection through the association between 33 polygenic scores and fertility, across two generations, using data from UK Biobank (N = 409,629 British subjects with European ancestry). Consistently over time, polygenic scores that predict higher earnings, education and health also predict lower fertility. Selection effects are concentrated among lower SES groups, younger parents, people with more lifetime sexual partners, and people not living with a partner. The direction of natural selection is reversed among older parents, or after controlling for age at first live birth. These patterns are in line with the economic theory of fertility, in which earnings-increasing human capital may either increase or decrease fertility via income and substitution effects in the labour market. Studying natural selection can help us understand the genetic architecture of health outcomes: we find evidence in modern day Great Britain for multiple natural selection pressures that vary between subgroups in the direction and strength of their effects, that are strongly related to the socio-economic system, and that may contribute to health inequalities across income groups.