The use of the paramedian forehead flap alone or in combination with other techniques in the reconstruction of periocular defects and orbital exenterations

• Published in: Eye (London) Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 560 - 565
• Main Authors: Ang, Terence W., Juniat, Valerie, O’Rourke, Micheal, Slattery, James, O’Donnell, Brett, McNab, Alan A., Hardy, Thomas G., Caplash, Yugesh, Selva, Dinesh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.02.2023; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/700; 706/648/160; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Clinical outcomes; Complications; Defects; Eyelid; Eyelids - surgery; Female; Forehead - surgery; Hospitals; Humans; Laboratory Medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Ophthalmology; Patients; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology; Postoperative; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Surgery; Surgical Flaps; Surgical Oncology; Treatment Outcome; Veins & arteries
• ISSN: 0950-222X; 1476-5454
• DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-01985-9

Purpose The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is a reconstructive option for large eyelid defects and orbital exenterations. We report a series of cases where PMFF reconstruction was carried out at various institutions in Australia. Methods This study was a multi-centre, retrospective, non-comparative case series investigating the clinical outcomes of the PMFF for reconstructing periocular defects and orbital exenterations. Results This case series describes twenty-seven patients (Female = 15, Male = 12), operated between 1991 to 2019, with a median age of 81 years (range: 45–93 years). Defect locations involved combinations of the medial canthus (16/27, 59.3%), upper eyelids (7/27, 25.9%), lower eyelid (4/27, 14.8%), both upper and lower eyelids (5/27, 18.5%), and orbital (7/27, 25.9%). There were no cases of flap necrosis. Minor post-operative complications were observed in ten patients with the most common being lagophthalmos. Median duration of follow-up was 17months (Range: 2months- 23years). Conclusions The PMFF is a versatile reconstructive tool for a range of periocular defects and orbital exenterations with minor post-operative complications.