Biology of bovine herpesvirus 5

• Published in: The veterinary journal (1997) Vol. 184; no. 2; pp. 138 - 145
• Main Authors: Del Médico Zajac, María P., Ladelfa, María F., Kotsias, Fiorella, Muylkens, Benoît, Thiry, Julien, Thiry, Etienne, Romera, Sonia A.
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Alphaherpesvirus; Animals; Bovine herpesvirus 1; Bovine herpesvirus 5; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - epidemiology; Cattle Diseases - pathology; Cattle Diseases - virology; Encephalitis, Viral - epidemiology; Encephalitis, Viral - pathology; Encephalitis, Viral - veterinary; Encephalitis, Viral - virology; Herpesviridae Infections - epidemiology; Herpesviridae Infections - pathology; Herpesviridae Infections - veterinary; Herpesviridae Infections - virology; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - genetics; Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - pathogenicity; Herpesvirus 5, Bovine - genetics; Herpesvirus 5, Bovine - pathogenicity; Life sciences; Meningoencephalitis; Meningoencephalitis - epidemiology; Meningoencephalitis - pathology; Meningoencephalitis - veterinary; Meningoencephalitis - virology; Microbiologie; Microbiology; Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale; Risk Factors; Sciences du vivant; Veterinary medicine & animal health; Viral Vaccines; Alphaherpesvirus; Bovine herpesvirus 1; Bovine herpesvirus 5; Meningoencephalitis
• ISSN: 1090-0233; 1532-2971; 1532-2971
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.035

Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and is closely antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Both viruses have common aspects in their pathogenesis: (1) they infect epithelial cells at the portal of entry and (2) they establish a latent infection in the sensory nerve ganglia, i.e., the trigeminal ganglia. However, they have different neuroinvasion and neurovirulence capacities. Only in rare cases can BoHV-1 reach the brain of infected cattle. BoHV-5 infection induces different degrees of severity of neurological disease depending on both viral and host factors. Although a case of BoHV-5 associated disease in Europe and some outbreaks in USA and Australia have been reported, the current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. This review focuses on the genomic characteristics, pathobiology and epidemiology of BoHV-5, in order to provide information on the possible basis of alphaherpesvirus neuropathogenesis.