Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in children exposed to arsenic from playground dust at elementary schools in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

• Published in: Environmental geochemistry and health Vol. 42; no. 2; pp. 499 - 511
• Main Authors: García-Rico, Leticia, Meza-Figueroa, Diana, Beamer, Paloma I., Burgess, Jefferey L., O’Rourke, Mary K., Lantz, Clark R., Furlong, Melissa, Martinez-Cinco, Marco, Mondaca-Fernandez, Iram, Balderas-Cortes, Jose J., Meza-Montenegro, Maria M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.02.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Arsenic; Arsenic - toxicity; Arsenic - urine; Atmospheric particulates; Biomarkers; Cancer; Cardiovascular diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dust; Dust - analysis; Dust storms; Earth and Environmental Science; ELISA; Emission analysis; Environment; Environmental Biomarkers; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Exposure - analysis; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Environmental Pollutants - urine; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Exposure; Female; Fluorescence; Gelatinase B; Geochemistry; Humans; Inductively coupled plasma; Lung diseases; Lungs; Male; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - blood; Matrix metalloproteinases; Metalloproteinase; Mexico; Optical emission spectroscopy; Original Paper; Playgrounds; Public Health; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory disorders; Schools; Serum; Soil Science & Conservation; Spectrometry; Terrestrial Pollution; X ray fluorescence analysis; X-ray fluorescence; Mexico; Serum MMP-9; Children; Arsenic; Playground dust
• ISSN: 0269-4042; 1573-2983
• DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00384-6

Arsenic exposure in adults has been associated with increased serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a biomarker which is associated with chronic respiratory disease, lung inflammation, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum MMP-9 levels in children, urinary arsenic, arsenic chronic daily intake (CDI) and arsenic exposure from playground dust. This cross-sectional study examined 127 children from five elementary schools, in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Arsenic was analyzed in the dust using a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. Total urinary arsenic was determined by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry. Serum was analyzed for MMP-9 using ELISA. Arsenic levels in playground dust averaged 16.9 ± 4.6 mg/kg. Urinary arsenic averaged 34.9 ± 17.1 µg/L. Arsenic concentration in playground dust was positively associated with serum MMP-9 levels in crude analyses and after adjustment ( P  < 0.01), MMP-9 and CDI were positively associated only after adjustment ( P  < 0.01), and no association was found between MMP-9 and urinary arsenic. In conclusion, our study showed an association in children between serum MMP-9 levels and playground dust arsenic concentrations. Therefore, exposure to arsenic in dust where children spend significant time may manifest toxic effects.