Clinical and Preclinical Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of VIR-2218, an RNAi Therapeutic Targeting HBV Infection

• Published in: Drugs in R&D Vol. 21; no. 4; pp. 455 - 465
• Main Authors: Gupta, Sneha V., Fanget, Marie C., MacLauchlin, Christopher, Clausen, Valerie A., Li, Jing, Cloutier, Daniel, Shen, Ling, Robbie, Gabriel J., Mogalian, Erik
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Area Under Curve; Biotechnology; Enzymes; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Humans; Infections; Internal Medicine; Ligands; Liver cancer; Liver cirrhosis; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolism; Metabolites; NCT; NCT00071487; NCT00410384; NCT00424476; NCT00657007; NCT01345253; NCT01516450; NCT01583530; NCT02880852; NCT03672188; Original; Original Research Article; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacotherapy; Plasma; Protein expression; Proteins; Rats; RNA Interference; RNAi Therapeutics; Urine
• ISSN: 1174-5886; 1179-6901; 1179-6901
• DOI: 10.1007/s40268-021-00369-w

Background and Objective VIR-2218 is an investigational N -acetylgalactosamine–conjugated RNA interference therapeutic in development for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. VIR-2218 was designed to silence HBV transcripts across all genotypes and uses Enhanced Stabilization Chemistry Plus (ESC+) technology. This study was designed to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics of VIR-2218 in preclinical species and healthy volunteers. Methods Preclinically, a single subcutaneous dose of VIR-2218 (10 mg/kg) was administered to rats and nonhuman primates (NHPs), and the pharmacokinetics were assessed in plasma, urine, and liver using standard noncompartmental analysis (NCA) methods. Clinically, healthy volunteers were randomized (6:2 active:placebo) to receive a single subcutaneous dose of VIR-2218 (50–900 mg) or placebo. Pharmacokinetics were similarly assessed within human plasma and urine using NCA methods. Results In rats and NHPs, VIR-2218 was stable in plasma and was converted to AS(N-1)3’VIR-2218, the most prominent circulating metabolite, at < 10% plasma exposure compared with parent. VIR-2218 rapidly distributed to the liver, reaching peak liver concentrations within 7 and 24 h in rats and NHPs, respectively. In humans, VIR-2218 was rapidly absorbed, with a median time to peak plasma concentration ( t max ) of 4–7 h, and had a short median plasma half-life of 2–5 h. Plasma exposures for area under the plasma concentration–time curve up to 12 h (AUC 0–12 ) and mean maximum concentrations ( C max ) increased in a slightly greater-than-dose-proportional manner across the dose range studied. Interindividual pharmacokinetic variability was low to moderate, with a percent coefficient of variation of < 32% for AUC and < 43% for C max . A portion of VIR-2218 was converted to an active metabolite, AS(N-1)3’VIR-2218, with a median t max of 6–10 h, both of which declined below the lower limit of quantification in plasma within 48 h. The pharmacokinetic profile of AS(N-1)3’VIR-2218 was similar to that of VIR-2218, with plasma AUC 0–12 and C max values ≤ 12% of VIR-2218. VIR-2218 and AS(N-1)3’VIR-2218 were detectable in urine through the last measured time point, with approximately 17–48% of the administered dose recovered in urine as unchanged VIR-2218 over 0–24 h postdose. Based on pharmacokinetics in preclinical species, VIR-2218 localizes to the liver and likely exhibits prolonged hepatic exposure. Overall, no severe or serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events were observed within the dose range evaluated for VIR-2218 in healthy volunteers (Vir Biotechnology, Inc., unpublished data). Conclusions VIR-2218 showed favorable pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers supportive of subcutaneous dosing and continued development in patients with chronic HBV infection. Clinical Trial Registration No NCT03672188, September 14, 2018.