What is artificial endocrine pancreas? Mechanism and history

• Published in: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 15; no. 33; pp. 4105 - 4110
• Main Authors: Nishida, Kenro, Shimoda, Seiya, Ichinose, Kenshi, Araki, Eiichi, Shichiri, Motoaki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology,Minamata City Hospital and Medical Center,1-2-1 Tenjinmachi,Minamata,Kumamoto,867-0041,Japan%Department of Metabolic Medicine,Graduate School of Medical Sciences,Kumamoto University,Kumamoto,867-0041,Japan 07.09.2009; The WJG Press and Baishideng
• Subjects: Algorithms; Biosensing Techniques; Blood Glucose - analysis; Humans; Insulin Infusion Systems - trends; Topic Highlight; Artificial pancreas; Blood glucose; Infusion; Insulin; Diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 1007-9327; 2219-2840
• DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4105

The artificial endocrine pancreas is a feedback control instrument that regulates insulin delivery on a minute-by-minute basis according to measured blood glucose levels. Only one type of bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas is now available in Japan: STG-22 (Nikkiso Co. Ltd., Japan). In the insulin infusion algorithm, insulin is infused on the basis of its proportional and derivative actions, to blood glucose concentrations with a constant time delay. The bedside-type artificial endocrine pancreas has been proven to be useful not only as a therapeutic tool for diabetes mellitus, but also as an elegant research tool for investigating the pathophysiology of the disease, by using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The wearable type of closed-loop system has been developed recently. The breakthrough is the establishment of a needle-type glucose sensor. The development of closed-loop glycemic control systems that enable long-term physiological regulation has focused on implantable devices. Much effort has been expended to realize these devices.