Salvinia auriculata: chemical profile and biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis

• Published in: Brazilian journal of microbiology Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 2401 - 2411
• Main Authors: Purgato, Gislaine Aparecida, Lima, Sâmia, Baeta, Jefferson Victor Paula Barros, Pizziolo, Virgínia Ramos, de Souza, Guilherme Nunes, Diaz-Muñoz, Gaspar, Diaz, Marisa Alves Nogueira
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Aquatic plants; Biological activity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cattle; Chemical composition; Dairy cattle; Diketones; Disinfection; Epithelial cells; Epithelium; Female; Food Microbiology; Fractionation; Hexanes; Life Sciences; Mammary gland; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Mastitis, Bovine - drug therapy; Mastitis, Bovine - microbiology; Medical Microbiology; Microbial Ecology; Microbial Genetics and Genomics; Microbiology; Milk; Milk production; Milking; Mycology; Phytochemicals - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Roots - chemistry; Salvinia auriculata; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections - veterinary; Staphylococcus aureus; Teat dips; Teats; Toxicity; Tracheophyta - classification; Veterinary Microbiology - Research Paper; Antimicrobial activity; Stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione; Antiseptic formulation; Phytosterol; Salvinia auriculata
• ISSN: 1517-8382; 1678-4405
• DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00595-z

The aquatic plant Salvinia auriculata has been shown to possess promising properties for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis. The disease affects cattle health and compromises dairy cattle productivity, resulting in reduced milk production and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, and toxicity of S. auriculata root extracts using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T); determine the chemical composition of the most active extract; and develop an S. auriculata antiseptic solution for pre- and post-milking teat disinfection. Plants were collected during the four seasons of the year. The most active hexane extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which resulted in the isolation of six known compounds, stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione, stigmasterol, friedelinol, β-sitosterol, octadecyl alcohol, and octadecanoic acid. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the most active extract and isolated compounds were determined against nine S. aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis. The efficacy of the S. auriculata teat dip formulation was tested using an excised teat model (ex vivo), and promising results were obtained. The S. auriculata extract formulation proved to be as effective as commercial antimicrobials in reducing log counts in excised teats.