Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibition Sequesters NAD + to Potentiate the Metabolic Lethality of Alkylating Chemotherapy in IDH-Mutant Tumor Cells

• Published in: Cancer discovery Vol. 10; no. 11; pp. 1672 - 1689
• Main Authors: Nagashima, Hiroaki, Lee, Christine K, Tateishi, Kensuke, Higuchi, Fumi, Subramanian, Megha, Rafferty, Seamus, Melamed, Lisa, Miller, Julie J, Wakimoto, Hiroaki, Cahill, Daniel P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.11.2020
• ISSN: 2159-8274; 2159-8290
• DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0226

NAD is an essential cofactor metabolite and is the currency of metabolic transactions critical for cell survival. Depending on tissue context and genotype, cancer cells have unique dependencies on NAD metabolic pathways. PARPs catalyze oligomerization of NAD monomers into PAR chains during cellular response to alkylating chemotherapeutics, including procarbazine or temozolomide. Here we find that, in endogenous IDH1-mutant tumor models, alkylator-induced cytotoxicity is markedly augmented by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic knockout of the PAR breakdown enzyme PAR glycohydrolase (PARG). Both and , we observe that concurrent alkylator and PARG inhibition depletes freely available NAD by preventing PAR breakdown, resulting in NAD sequestration and collapse of metabolic homeostasis. This effect reversed with NAD rescue supplementation, confirming the mechanistic basis of cytotoxicity. Thus, alkylating chemotherapy exposes a genotype-specific metabolic weakness in tumor cells that can be exploited by PARG inactivation. SIGNIFICANCE: Oncogenic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes or initiate diffuse gliomas of younger adulthood. Strategies to maximize the effectiveness of chemotherapy in these tumors are needed. We discover alkylating chemotherapy and concurrent PARG inhibition exploits an intrinsic metabolic weakness within these cancer cells to provide genotype-specific benefit. . .