Giant Toads (Rhinella marina) From the Industrial Zones of Low Basin of the Coatzacoalcos River (Veracruz, MX) Presents Genotoxicity in Erythrocytes

• Published in: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology Vol. 108; no. 1; pp. 64 - 70
• Main Authors: Cruz-Santiago, Omar, Castillo, Claudia G., Espinosa-Reyes, Guillermo, Pérez-Maldonado, Iván N., González-Mille, Donaji J., Cuevas-Díaz, María del Carmen, Ilizaliturri-Hernández, César A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.01.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Animals; Apoptosis; Aquatic Pollution; Biomarkers; Bufo marinus; Cell cycle; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring; Erythrocytes; Ethers; Flow cytometry; Genotoxicity; Heavy metals; Laboratories; Multivariate analysis; Organic compounds; Organochlorine compounds; Pollution; Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis; Rhinella marina; Rivers; Soil Science & Conservation; Toads; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Flow cytometry; Ecotoxicology; Amphibians; DNA damage; Non-destructive biomarkers
• ISSN: 0007-4861; 1432-0800
• DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03162-2

The lower basin of Coatzacoalcos River is one of the most polluted regions of the southern Gulf of Mexico. Organochlorine compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals have been registered in this region. In the present study, genotoxicity was evaluated in the blood of giant toads ( Rhinella marina ) from Coatzacoalcos’ rural and industrial zones, and compared with laboratory toads. Determination of the frequency of micronucleus and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities by the light microscope and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry were used as biomarkers of genotoxicity. We found more variability in micronucleus and more nuclear buds in toads from industrial zones. Also, cell cycle alterations and an increase of apoptosis in erythrocytes were found in toads from rural and industrial zones. Multivariate statistics show that the toads from the industrial zone were more affected than toads from laboratory and rural zones.