Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 174; p. 116428
• Main Authors: He, Yuyao, He, Tiantian, Li, Hongpei, Chen, Wei, Zhong, Biying, Wu, Yue, Chen, Runming, Hu, Yuli, Ma, Huaping, Wu, Bin, Hu, Wenyue, Han, Zhenyun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01.05.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Calcium homeostasis; Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; Mitochondria; mitophagy; Oxidative stress; Vascular cognitive impairment; AMPA; BBB; HK; ASK-1; HO2; H2O2; BCCAO; Mitochondria; SDH; NDP52; NBP; BNIP3L; AAC; AD; GEB; NCLX; GED; Mid 49; BCAS; NRF1/2; OMM; Vascular cognitive impairment; MAM; TFAM; TXNIP; ULK1; DHA; VCI; OPTN; SVD; Oxidative stress; AHA/ASA; OMA1; PPP; NADH; UBD; NMDA; TMCAO; G6P; FIS1; FMN; CJ; ERLIN1; SOD; FADH2; ENOS; GRP75; MCI; LIR; Atg; ETC; ALA; TAC; VDAC; TM; MPTP; IP3R:inositol 1; MCU; MCT; Rt-PA; ALS; OXPHOS; MDA; GPX; OPA1; MB; FUNDC1; RNS; TRX; LC3; Calcium homeostasis; MtDNA; GLUTs; Mfn1/Mfn2; IMM; Cyt C; Mid51; SIRT1; IMS; NINDS; PACS2; CAT; ROS; TAX1BP1; PGAM5; NO; O2; CBF; ANT; CK2; MFF; NDNA; PARL; DRP1; VaD; OH; GSH; HIF1α; HCLX; FAD; CCH; Acetyl-CoA; N-MTS; MTOR; NAD; ROOH; PINK1; mitophagy; PD; NBR1; Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a range of cognitive deficits arising from vascular pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VCI remain incompletely understood; however, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is widely acknowledged as a principal pathological contributor. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and intracellular signaling, can lead to numerous neurological impairments when dysfunctional. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction—marked by oxidative stress, disturbed calcium homeostasis, compromised mitophagy, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics—plays a pivotal role in VCI pathogenesis. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest insights into mitochondrial dysfunction within the VCI context, focusing on both the origins and consequences of compromised mitochondrial health. It aims to lay a robust scientific groundwork for guiding the development and refinement of mitochondrial-targeted interventions for VCI.