Production and characterization of graphene from carbonaceous rice straw by cost-effect extraction

• Published in: 3 Biotech Vol. 11; no. 5; p. 205
• Main Authors: Uda, M. N. Aiman, Gopinath, Subash C. B., Hashim, Uda, Halim, N. H., Parmin, N. A., Uda, M. N. Afnan, Anbu, Periasamy
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.05.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Agriculture; Bioinformatics; Biomaterials; Biotechnology; Cancer Research; Chemical bonds; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Electron diffraction; Fly ash; Graphene; Impurities; Microscopes; Morphology; Original; Original Article; Photoelectron spectroscopy; Photoelectrons; Polydispersity; Potassium hydroxide; Potassium hydroxides; Spectrum analysis; Stability analysis; Stem Cells; Straw; X-ray spectroscopy; Carbon material; Paddy straw; Agricultural waste; Carbonaceous source
• ISSN: 2190-572X; 2190-5738
• DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02740-9

This paper describes the synthesis of graphene-based activated carbon from carbonaceous rice straw fly ash in an electrical furnace and the subsequent potassium hydroxide extraction. The produced graphene has a proper morphological structure; flakes and a rough surface can be observed. The average size of the graphene was defined as up to 2000 nm and clarification was provided by high-resolution microscopes (FESEM and FETEM). Crystallinity was confirmed by surface area electron diffraction. The chemical bonding from the graphene was clearly observed, with –C=C– and O–H stretching at peaks of 1644 cm −1 and 3435 cm −1 , respectively. Impurities in the graphene were found using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The measured size, according to zeta-potential analysis, was 8722.2 ± 25 nm, and the average polydispersity index was 0.576. The stability of the mass reduction was analyzed by a thermogravimetric at 100 °C, with a final reduction of ~ 11%.