Effect of low colostrum intake on gastrointestinal development and uterine and cervical morphometrical architecture in the neonatal gilt

• Published in: Animal (Cambridge, England) Vol. 17; no. 3; p. 100725
• Main Authors: Langendijk, P., Fleuren, M., Venrooy, K., Ernst, K., Page, G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 01.03.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Cervix Uteri; Colostrum; Endometrium; Female; Intestine; Lactation; Piglet; Postnatal; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Sus scrofa; Swine; Uterus; Reproduction; Postnatal; Intestine; Piglet; Endometrium
• ISSN: 1751-7311; 1751-732X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100725

•Colostrum denial has dramatic effects on the survival and development of piglets.•This study looked at the effects of natural variation in colostrum on piglets.•Piglets with low colostrum intake were compared with litter mates.•Low intake delayed neonatal development of uterus and intestines.•Sufficient colostrum intake is crucial to neonatal development and growth. To assess the importance of natural variation in colostrum intake on piglet gastrointestinal and reproductive development, two equally sized female piglets from each of 27 litters were selected, one with low (average 226 g) and one with high (average 401 g) colostrum intake. At weaning (23 d of age), piglets were euthanised to perform macromorphological measurements on ileum, colon, cervix and uterus tissues, and to obtain tissue samples from the cervix and uterus for histology. Sections of uterine and cervical preparations were analysed using digital image analysis. Despite being selected for the same birth weight (average 1.1 kg, standard deviation 0.18 kg), piglets with low colostrum intake weighed 5.91 ± 0.17 kg and piglets with high colostrum intake weighed 6.96 ± 0.19 kg at weaning (P < 0.05). Most of the micro- and macroscopic measures such as length and weight of ileum and colon, cervix and uterus, luminal size of cervix and uterus, number of cervical crypts and uterine glands, were greater in gilts with high colostrum intake. The histological architecture of the uterus and cervix in gilts with high colostrum intake showed more complexity, reflecting more advanced development in these piglets. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that independent of birth weight, natural variation in colostrum intake is related to the overall development of neonatal piglets, affecting body growth, as well as growth and development of the gut and reproductive tract.